Countries that are upstream on big rivers have a lot of leverage over their neighbors downstream. The flow of water can controlled by upper riparian governments can as they build massive reservoirs and dams . This is often seen as a political weapon. This control has a direct effect on farming and important services, which makes people very angry.
How Water Scarcity Fuels Conflict and Migration
Sabotage of Infrastructure
In areas where there is active fighting, water infrastructure itself becomes a main target for the military. It is against humanitarian law to destroy pumping stations or pollute water sources because it cuts off access to drinking water for civilians. This sabotage makes people suffer more and is used as a way to push people to leave their homes and give up.
Migration Based on Resources
Traditional agriculture became dispensable caused by pollution and drought as result people leave their homes in rural areas. This internal climate migration leads to political and social problems as more pressure on cities are placed which they are already having trouble with resources. Water scarcity is a big reason why things are unstable.
Final Thoughts
Water pollution and scarcity are are major causes of political instability and not a minor problem. Broad regional agreements are needed for a long-lasting peace focusing on fair water distribution and taking care of the environment together.